| Source | Target | | It is an infection ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associated with serious diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase, persistently high costs of treatment and care, significant number of deaths and shortened life expectancy. | Trata-se de uma infecção ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associada a uma doença grave, a elevados custos de tratamento e de cuidados de saúde, a um número significativo de mortes e a uma diminuição da esperança de vida. |
| Effective combination therapies, introduced in the mid-1990s and widely used in industrialised countries, have had a profound effect on the course of HIV infection, improving the quality of life and delaying the onset of AIDS and death in HIV-infected individuals. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As terapêuticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as combinadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as eficazes introduzidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as a meio da década de 1990 e largamente utilizadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as nos países industrializados tiveram um profundo efeito no curso da infecção por VIH, melhorando a qualidade de vida e retardando o aparecimento da SIDA e a morte nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infectadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as com VIH. |
| They are also an essential tool for modern medicine and common procedures such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as transplants, chemotherapy for cancer and even orthopaedic surgery could not be performed without the availability of potent antibiotics. | São igualmente uma ferramenta essencial na medicina moderna e intervenções frequentes tais como os transplantes, a quimioterapia para o tratamento do cancro e mesmo a cirurgia ortopédica não poderiam ser efectuadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as sem que estivessem disponíveis antibióticos potentes. |
| Antibiotics are often unnecessarily prescribed for viral infections, against which they have no effect. | Os antibióticos são frequentemente prescritos de forma desnecessária para o tratamento de infecções virais, contra ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as quais não apresentam qualquer efeito. |
| Clinical presentations include skin anthrax, lung anthrax, (with 75% death rate) and gass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>astrointestinal forms (that may progress to blood infection and death). | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As apresentações clínicass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as incluem o antraz cutâneo, pulmonar (com uma taxa de mortalidade de 75%) e formass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as gass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>astrointestinais (que podem evoluir para uma infecção no sangue e morte). |
| Control meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures include the correct disposal of dead animal: | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de controlo incluem a eliminação correcta dos animais mortos: |
| After 2003, influenza A/H5N1 appeared in many ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asian countries causing huge outbreaks in birds and a small number of severe human infections, almost entirely among people with close contacts with domestic poultry. | Após 2003, o vírus influenza A/H5N1 apareceu em vários países ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asiáticos, com uma elevada ocorrência em aves e um pequeno número de infecções graves em seres humanos, tendo quass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase todass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ocorrido em pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as em contacto próximo com aves de capoeira domésticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| This A/H5N1 group hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as shown itself to be unusually stable for an avian influenza strain and hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as spread among birds in two waves, the second of which took it out of south and south-eass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ast ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asia to Europe and Africa through migratory birds and trade. | Este grupo A/H5N1demonstrou ser invulgarmente estável para uma estirpe de gripe dass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as aves e disseminou-se entre ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as aves em duass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as vagass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, tendo a segunda transportado a estirpe do Sul e Sudeste ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asiático para a Europa e África através dos fluxos de aves migratóriass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e do comércio. |
| The danger to humans lies in the fact that the strain is highly pathogenic in those few humans that do become infected. | O perigo para os seres humanos deriva do facto de a estirpe ser altamente patogénica para ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as que ficam infectadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Due to the extremely high potency of the toxin, botulism is included among the potential bio-terrorist threats. | Devido à potência extremamente elevada da toxina, o botulismo está incluído entre ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as possíveis ameaçass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de bioterrorismo. |
| The common reservoirs for Brucella bacteria that may infect humans are cattle, dogs, sheep, goats, and pigs. | Os reservatórios frequentes da estirpe da bactéria Brucella que infecta os seres humanos são os bovinos, os cães, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ovelhass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as cabrass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e os porcos. |
| Control meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures include animal vaccination and/or test-and-slaughter of infected animals, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as well ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asteurisation of milk and dairy products. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de controlo da doença incluem a vacinação dos animass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e/ou a análise seguida do abate dos animais infectados, bem como a pass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asteurização do leite e dos lacticínios. |
| Campylobacteriosis is a diarrhoeal diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase caused by Campylobacter bacteria, found in animals such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as poultry, cattle, pigs, wild birds and wild mammals. | A campilobacteriose é uma doença com o aparecimento de diarreia provocada por uma estirpe da bactéria Campylobacter, que se encontra em animais, tais como aves de capoeira, bovinos, porcos, aves selvagens e mamíferos selvagens. |
| Chikungunya is present in parts of Africa, Southeass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ast ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asia and on the Indian subcontinent. | O vírus da febre Chikungunya encontra-se nalgumass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as zonass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de África, no sudeste ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asiático e no subcontinente indiano. |
| Campylobacter infection hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as been ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associated with complications such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as later joint inflammation (5–10% of cass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ases) and, on rare occass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asions, Guillain-Barré syndrome (a temporary but severe paralysis that may be total). | A infecção por Campylobacter tem sido ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associada a complicações tais como o aparecimento, algum tempo mais tarde, de inflamação nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as articulações (5–10% dos cass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asos) e, raramente, da síndrome de Guillain-Barré (uma paralisia temporária, mass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as grave, que pode ser total). |
| ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As a prophylactic meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asure, control of Campylobacter colonisation in poultry is important, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as well ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as hygienic processing of meat, and the protection and control of private drinking water supplies. | Como medida profiláctica, é importante o controlo da colonização do Campylobacter nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as aves de capoeira, bem como o processamento da carne seguindo medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as básicass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de higiene e a protecção e controlo de fontes privadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de água para consumo. |
| Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase with symptoms such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as high fever, muscle pain, dizziness, abnormal sensitivity to light, abdominal pain and vomiting. | A febre hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo (FHCC) é uma doença viral transmitida pelass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as carraçass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as que apresenta sintomass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as tais como febre alta, dores musculares, tonturass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, sensibilidade excessiva à luz, dor abdominal e vómitos. |
| CCHF virus is widespread and evidence for the virus hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as been found among ticks in Africa, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asia, the Middle Eass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ast and Eass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>astern Europe. | O vírus da FHCC existe em váriass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as zonass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as do mundo e foram encontradass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as provass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as da sua existência nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as carraçass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as em África, Ásia, Médio Oriente e Europa de Leste. |
| Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne viral diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase with symptoms such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache and nose and gum bleeding. | A febre Chikungunya é uma doença viral transmitida pelos mosquitos que apresenta sintomass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as tais como febre, dores nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as articulações, dores musculares, dores de cabeça e hemorragiass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asais e dass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as gengivass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Chikungunya is present in parts of Africa, Southeass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ast ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asia and on the Indian sub-continent. | O vírus da febre Chikungunya encontra-se nalgumass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as zonass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de África, no sudeste ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asiático e no subcontinente indiano. |
| Chlamydiae are bacteria capable of producing infection in several organ systems. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As clamídiass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as são bactériass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as capazes de produzir infecções em vários sistemass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de órgãos. |
| In Europe the most important infections are sexually transmitted infections (STI). | Na Europa, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infecções mais importantes são doençass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as sexualmente transmissíveis (DST). |
| However, uro-genital Chlamydia infection often remain without symptoms and can undetected cause infertility. | No entanto, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infecções urogenitais provocadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pela clamídia são frequentemente ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>assintomáticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e, quando não são detectadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, podem provocar infertilidade. |
| Consumption of contaminated water and food, especially seafood eaten under-cooked, results in infection. | O consumo de água e de alimentos contaminados, principalmente marisco mal cozinhado, são ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as causass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as da infecção. |
| In most cass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ases, though, symptoms are mild or absent and infected individuals become carriers with no symptoms. | No entanto, na maioria dos cass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asos, os sintomass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as são ligeiros ou não se manifestam e ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infectadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as tornam-se portadorass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>assintomáticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as da doença. |
| The diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase is often (but not always) ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associated with previous antibiotic use, and hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as mainly been spread within hospitals. | A doença é frequentemente (mass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as não sempre) ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associada à utilização prévia de antibióticos e tem-se disseminado essencialmente nos hospitais. |
| Human infections occur due to Cryptosporidium parvum, a species that also affects domestic animals. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As infecções em seres humanos são devidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ao Cryptosporidium parvum, uma espécie que afecta igualmente os animais domésticos. |
| In humans, infections without symptoms are common. | Nos seres humanos, são frequentes ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infecções ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>assintomáticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Especially healthy individuals, may, after an incubation period averaging one week, get a diarrhoea that spontaneously resolves over a couple of weeks. | Principalmente ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as saudáveis podem, após um período de incubação de cerca de uma semana, apresentar uma diarreia que se resolve espontaneamente ao final de algumass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as semanass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Water distribution systems are particularly vulnerable to contamination with Cryptosporidium, which can survive most disinfection procedures such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as chlorination. | Os sistemass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de distribuição de água são particularmente vulneráveis à contaminação com Cryptosporidium, que pode sobreviver à maioria dos processos de desinfecção, tais como a cloração. |
| Dengue fever is present in ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asia, the Pacific, the Caribbean, the Americass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as and Africa. | A febre de dengue está presente na Ásia, no Pacífico, nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as Caraíbass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, nos países do continente americano e em África. |
| In several ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>Asian countries, dengue haemorrhagic fever hass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as become an important cause of diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase and death, mainly in children. | Em vários países ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asiáticos, a febre hemorrágica de dengue tornou-se uma causa importante de doença e de morte, principalmente nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as criançass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fevers are caused by the Ebola and Marburg virus respectively, both belonging to the same virus family. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As febres hemorrágicass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as Ebola e Marburgo são provocadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pelos vírus Ebola e Marburgo respectivamente, ambos pertencentes à mesma família de vírus. |
| Clinical illness starts ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as a flu-like syndrome, rapidly evolving to severe diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase with bleedings. | A apresentação clínica da doença começa por ser uma síndrome do tipo gripal, evoluindo rapidamente para uma doença grave com hemorragia. |
| The parass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asites could cause diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase equally in humans and animals such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as dogs, cats, cows and sheep. | Os parass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asitass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as podem provocar a doença tanto em humanos como em animais, tais como cães, gatos, vacass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e ovelhass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Infected individuals can remain without symptoms or (three to 25 or more days later) develop either acute or chronic diarrhoea. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infectadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as podem permanecer ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>assintomáticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ou (entre 3 e 25 diass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as mais tarde, ou mesmo mais) desenvolver uma diarreia aguda ou crónica. |
| Infants and children are at a particularly increass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ased risk of infection. | Os lactentes e ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as criançass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as apresentam um risco especialmente acrescido de serem infectados. |
| Thus, individuals in nursing homes or day-care centres are particularly susceptible to outbreaks. | Por isso, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as em lares ou centros de dia são particularmente susceptíveis aos surtos. |
| Children start showing symptoms of meningitis after a probable incubation period of about 2–4 days and clinical manifestations tend to evolve rapidly. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As criançass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as começam a evidenciar sintomass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de meningite após um período de incubação provável de cerca de 2–4 diass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as manifestações clínicass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as têm tendência a evoluir rapidamente. |
| The total number of patients getting a healthcare-ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associated infection (HCAI) in the EU every year can be estimated at 3 000 000 and approximately 50 000 deaths are estimated to occur every year ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as a consequence of the infection. | Calcula-se que o número total de doentes que adquire uma infecção hospitalar na UE anualmente seja de 3 000 000 e que ocorram cerca de 50 000 mortes anualmente como consequência da infecção. |
| The most frequent infections are urinary tract infections, followed by respiratory tract infections, infections after surgery, blood infection, and others (including diarrhoea). | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As infecções mais frequentes são infecções do tracto urinário, seguidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de infecções do tracto respiratório, infecções no seguimento de cirurgiass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as, septicémiass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as e outrass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as (incluindo diarreia). |
| Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is isolated in approximately 5% of all healthcare-ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>associated infections. | O Staphylococcus aureus multi-resistente (SAMR) é isolado em cerca de 5% de todass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as infecções hospitalares. |
| Those who become chronically infected by hepatitis B virus (from>30% among children to<5% among adults) are at a higher risk of serious consequences: | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as que padecem da forma crónica de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (desde>30% entre ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as criançass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as até<5% entre os adultos) apresentam um maior risco de sofrer consequênciass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as graves: |
| Moreover, they act ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as a reservoir for continuing diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase transmission. | Além disso, tornam-se um reservatório para a continuação da transmissão da doença. |
| Hepatitis B is transmitted via contact (broken skin or mucosal contact) with blood or other body fluids (serum, semen, saliva) from infected patients. | A hepatite B transmite-se através do contacto (contacto com lesões na pele ou com ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as mucosass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as) com sangue ou outros fluidos corporais (soro, sémen, saliva) de doentes infectados. |
| Adolescents and adults normally become infected through unprotected sexual activity or ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as a consequence of injecting drug users sharing contaminated needles. | Os adolescentes e os adultos são normalmente infectados através de actividade sexual não protegida ou como consequência da partilha de agulhass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as contaminadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as entre utilizadores de drogass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as injectáveis. |
| After 1991, blood transfusions and blood products became much safer than before, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as routine HCV tests started to become widely available. | Após 1991, ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as transfusões de sangue e de produtos derivados do sangue tornaram-se muito mais segurass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as do que antes, já que ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as análises de rotina para a detecção do vírus da hepatite C pass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>assaram a estar largamente disponíveis. |
| The most effective preventive meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures are screening and testing of blood and organ donors, virus-inactivating processing of blood products, good infection control and safe injection practices in healthcare settings. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de prevenção mais eficazes são a selecção e análise do sangue e órgãos dos dadores, a utilização de processos de inactivação do vírus nos produtos derivados do sangue, um bom controlo da infecção e práticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de injecção segurass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as instalações de saúde. |
| Every year many persons die from influenza, and risk groups such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as elderly people and persons with certain underlying diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ases, such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as cardiovass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ascular diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ase and lung diseass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ases are advised to be vaccinated before the flu seass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ason starts. | Todos os anos, muitass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as morrem devido à gripe e recomenda-se que os grupos de risco tais como os idosos e pessoass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as com determinadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as doençass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as subjacentes, tais como doençass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as cardiovass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asculares e pulmonares, sejam vacinados antes do início da época da gripe. |
| The bacteria are able to survive in the nature at a wide range of temperatures. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As bactériass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as conseguem sobreviver na natureza numa grande amplitude de temperaturass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as. |
| Prophylactic meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures include regular cleaning and adequate maintenance of the particular water systems. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as profiláticass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as incluem a limpeza regular e a manutenção adequada dos sistemass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de água particulares. |
| Different species of domestic and wild animals act ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as maintenance hosts. | Os hospedeiros são diferentes espécies de animais domésticos e selvagens. |
| Humans get leptospirosis either from direct contact with the urine of infected animals, or from contact with material contaminated by it, such ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as water or soil. | Os seres humanos apanham a leptospirose quer por contacto directo com a urina de animais infectados, quer por contacto com materiais contaminados com a mesma, tais como a água e o solo. |
| Preventive meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures include controlling rodent populations, avoiding contaminated areass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as and covering cuts and abraded skin when operating in the environment. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de prevenção incluem o controlo dass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as populações de roedores, evitar zonass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as contaminadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ecobrir os cortes e lesões na pele quando se trabalha no meio ambiente. |
| Listeria bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment, and food-borne outbreaks have been detected worldwide. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As bactériass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as Listeria estão distribuídass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as por todo o meio ambiente e foram detectados surtos por transmissão através dos alimentos por todo o mundo. |
| Many animals carry the bacteria in their faeces. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As bactériass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as estão presentes nass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as fezes de muitos animais. |
| After an incubation period of about three weeks pregnant women may suffer from a self-limiting influenza-like illness which may affect the uterus. | Após um período de incubação de cerca de três semanass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as mulheres grávidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as podem desenvolver uma doença do tipo gripal auto-limitada que pode afectar o útero. |
| All clinical presentations are treatable with prolonged courses of antibiotics, but the prognosis of the most serious ones is poor. | Todass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as apresentações clínicass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as podem ser tratadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as com a utilização prolongada de antibióticos, mass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as os cass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asos mais graves apresentam um mau prognóstico. |
| Control meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures should be aimed at the farm and food-processing level, in order to prevent contamination of food products. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de controlo devem ser direccionadass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as ao nível da produção e do processamento dos alimentos de modo a prevenir a contaminação dos produtos alimentares. |
| Preventive meass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>asures include providing appropriate information for consumers on how to minimise the risk of ingesting food contaminated by Listeria. | ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>As medidass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>ass=ev>as de prevenção incluem a disponibilização de informação adequada aos consumidores sobre a forma de minimizar o risco de ingerir alimentos contaminados com Listeria. |
